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(a) Yesterday was a public holiday. (b) Today is public holidays / a public holiday.
(c) Last week was school holidays. Last week, it was school holiday. (d) Last Wednesday was holiday. (e) Two weeks ago,it was holidays / holiday. (f) There was / It was school holidays.
(a) Fine. (b) Today is a public holiday. (c) Last week was a school holiday. (d) Last Wednesday was a holiday. (e) Two weeks ago there was a holiday. (f) There was / It was a school holiday.
The first thing to understand is that the BrE usage of the word holiday is much more complicated than the AmE usage. In AmE, we distinguish very clearly between holiday, a day when people celebrate something and are usually off from work and school, and vacation, a period of time away from work or school when people relax, travel, etc. to refresh themselves.
In BrE this distinction isn't made clear because they use the same word, holiday, for both things.
If you're talking about the weeks that students have off from school, for example one period around the Western calendar New Year's Day of January 1 and one period during the summer when it's too hot to be in school, then you can use the plural form and say holidays. I just mentioned two school holidays.
If you're talking about one celebration, which may last just one day or cover a few days, you use the singular form and say holiday. It's important that you get this straight, Vincent.
In your sentence no. 2, I'm not sure what you're talking about. Are you talking about a one-day celebration or a period of time covering perhaps a number of weeks? Assuming you mean the latter, here's how I'd tweak the sentence:
During the last school holiday a few months ago, my father went to temple by car.