Hello, Manaka, and welcome to the Grammar Exchange. Actually, your question is not about grammar, but, being your first question, I'll help you all the same. In a library you can find poetry (lyric genre), plays (drama), fiction (narrative genre: novels and short stories), and non-fiction. In this Wikipedia article you can find a long list of different types of books. "subject" means an altogether different thing, being closer to "topic" or "theme." For example, you can find books of...Read More...

Hi, Subhajit123, As I told you in this other thread which you seem to have overlooked, the article "the" before postmodified plural nouns seems to have a totalizing effect ( all the students, all the people). Only in (1) is "the" actually required, and that is because the subject complement is quite definite: 1. The people who stand by you in your tough times are the best friends of yours (I prefer: your best friends ). When the article is not there, it may sound more natural to use "some"...Read More...

Hi, Fujibei, This question: https://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.php?id=77&t=11 does appear in U.S. EIA site and seems to be quoted by other scientific publications. "how much" refers to the volume of the emissions. "how many" could perhaps be used to refer to different instances or occurrences of emission, which is not the meaning that wants to be conveyed. I would definitely have used "is" instead of "are": - How much of U.S. carbon dioxide emissions is associated with electricity...Read More...

Hi, wpc205, Sorry for not answering this question -- which you had published some time ago -- earlier. The point is I didn't have at the time -- and still don't have -- any source to support my reply other than my experience as a translator, which has allowed me to see and analyze different types of texts. In English there is indeed a strong tendency to capitalize nouns if they refer to a term of key importance within a text. The capitals will tend to be dropped if the noun is used in the...Read More...

Hi, Subhajit123, Before dealing with the article issue, please notice that "be aware" requires the preposition "of" if the object one is aware of is mentioned (in this case, the object is "one thing"). Also pay more attention to your spelling. In such cases, even if you refer to all the people or all the teachers (and not to some specific ones), you can use the definite article. I'd say that in this particular case the definite article makes the phrase more comprehensive than the zero...Read More...

Hi, Ahmed, Use: 'interview'. For more information, See: https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/interviewRead More...

I know. This is the typical case where one has to find the rule by comparing examples. My first question is, why is this sentence incorrect?: a. The apples are fresher than were bought yesterday. I think it has to do with the lack of identity between the current apples and the ones bought yesterday. My first impression is that, for "as" and "than" to work in reduced clauses, there must be actual or potential identity between the two things being compared. b. lf you are overqualified for a...Read More...

Thank you. I will keep in mind about the title thing.Read More...

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Thank you so much for all the great feedback, DocV. I really appreciate it. I know what you mean about the two men in question, but I figured the reader would make the adjustment in her mind. I'll give it some thought. Thank you for "wrested"! I was indeed wondering about that. Re: "by some stroke of happenstance...", the word "manufacture" always felt too industrial to me. And perhaps "happenstance" isn't right either. I wonder if it was the words or the structure that you found...Read More...

That's not the way this website works. Each discussion thread should be devoted to one particular grammatical topic, and the example sentence(s) should relate to that topic, as should the title of the thread. Here you have simply asked for answers to a random set of test questions, each of which has nothing to do with the other, and issued a command ("choose the correct answer") as the title of the thread. If you start a thread like this in the future, please expect to have it deleted.Read More...

Ahmed, Do you think that the "no" could be omitted if we understand "the outside world" to mean the immediate natural setting, rather than the city from which we have momentarily escaped? Even if so, I agree that 'contact', 'communication', 'connection' and '[a] link' are all possible answers here. DocVRead More...

What is the difference between : link and connect ?Read More...

Hi, Kyle, No, that sentence isn't correct. The adverbial of duration, "(for) a long time now ," is incompatible with the past tense. One possible revision is the one you've suggested. Here is another possible revision, which gives a different meaning. Which you should choose depends on whether the teacher still teaches there. My science teacher was teaching there (for) a long time. My science teacher taught there (for) a long time.Read More...

Thanks. I get it. In that construction , "with" introduces a tool. Sorry about the capitalization. I so address you because I remember you as "David" and "GUSTAVO", thinking you specifically made your name that way. But now I find that this website displays your name sometimes in all capitals and sometimes with only the first word capitalized. The "David" and "GUSTAVO" spelling was according to my first impression, sorry.Read More...

Hi, Emad Ragheb, "him" is in the object case, so you need the infinitive: - I don't expect him to take part in the match tomorrow. (The pattern is: expect sb to do sth , where "sb" is an object .) "he" will only work as the subject of a content clause: - I don't expect (that) he will take part in the match tomorrow. The same rule applies with correlative conjuntions "neither ... nor": - I expect neither him nor Tom to take part in the match tomorrow. - I expect (that) neither he nor Tom will...Read More...

Hi, Azz and Gustavo, I agree with Gustavo that his example (e) says that all those who were fast got out in time. Regarding your four specimens, Azz, although none of them says that all those who were fast got out in time, (b) and (d) imply that idea -- cf.: b'. Some of them, namely those who were fast, managed to get out in time. d'. Some of the people, namely those who were fast, managed to get out in time. As for (a) and (c), they do not say or imply that all those who were fast got out...Read More...

I agree that (a) is ambiguous. I think the sentence parses differently on each interpretation. On the interpretation where there are two entrances at the east side of the building, "at the east side of the building" is an adjectival modifier, modifying "the other entrance." On the interpretation where there is one entrance at the east side, "at the east side of the building" does not modify "the other entrance." Rather, it is an adverbial modifier, modifying "use." Compare: "At the east side...Read More...

Hi, Freeguy, First of all, it's clear that we are comparing the orders, not the years: - This year the order was 75% lower than / (as) compared to (the one) last year. I think (as) compared to is stylistically a good option to substitute for than . There is no grammatical reason to prefer one over the other: it's just a question of choice, in my opinion.Read More...

Hi, Tracey, I can't think of a single term, but how about contrary-to fact (counterfactual/unrealistic) hypothesis ?Read More...

Thanks a lotRead More...

Hi David, Thank you for the reply - I appreciate and understand the explanation. One other thing, am I correct to say that there is no formal marker to indicate either one of the clauses ie. you need a context in order to determine the function of the clause (as well as a dictionary to determine whether the word can be adjectival). Many thanks, PhilipRead More...

Anson, Today is the Thanksgiving holiday in the United States, and in keeping with the spirit of the holiday, I thank you for your question, and indeed for your many interesting and challenging questions. Also, thank you for your courtesy and for making a point of indexing your examples. I understand both your logic and that of your friends. I actually prefer their versions to yours, but none of them sound quite right. What bothers me most about yours is the use of the present perfect "have...Read More...

Anson, The short answer is no, the article is not needed, and it sounds unnatural in context to a native speaker. Consider: this would be a normal conversation among native speakers: A: Let's go out for lunch. I'm buying. B: I'm sorry, I didn't hear you. A: I said we should go out. I'll pay for lunch. This is idiomatic. The way I see it is that in both instances, "lunch" is a mass (uncountable) noun. There are other circumstances in which it might be countable, but here no article is...Read More...

Simple answer: yes. DocVRead More...

Thanks very much DocV. You're right - the date should be December 31, 2018 and I forgot " this " in my second example. Both my bad, sorry! CatchanRead More...

ThanksRead More...

If you are speaking about different roles or stages of the same person, you can say (notice the tenses): - Now that I am a boss I have more responsibilites than I did when I was an employee. - Now that he is a boss he has more responsibilites than he did when he was an employee. If there is no change of table, then you can say: - Today the table is brighter than (it was ) yesterday. (The genitive case will not be possible in this case.)Read More...

Thank you very much, Gustavo and DocV. You've been really helpful.Read More...

Mason, Welcome to the Grammar Exchange. We are here to help you learn and understand English grammar, especially as spoken in the United States. We do not grade homework assignments, which it seems you are asking us to do, nor stand as a substitute for dictionaries. We want to help, but we also ask you to help yourselves by asking pointed questions about specific points of grammar, and at least making a guess as to the answer. I will take the time to respond to your twenty questions just...Read More...

Got it, thanks.Read More...

Hello, Emad, Interesting question. Your sentence does not work at all. It is ungrammatical to begin sentences with "Not each NP." However, you can use "each" in negative sentences if you use "it"-extraposition, like this: It is not the case that each child lives comfortably. Also, although it does not work to say "Each child does not live comfortably," it is possible to say "Each child does NOT live comfortably," with heavy emphasis on "not." That sentence has the same meaning as the example...Read More...

Thank you again!Read More...

We can help you find answers to grammar questions. We are not a dictionary.Read More...

Or, I shouted at Tom for waking Peter up. DocVRead More...

We can also say: Only I have enough food for two lunches. But that changes the meaning considerably. DocVRead More...

Hi, Ansonman, Neither you nor your friends are correct. You can't say * I wondered what he was doing now or * I wondered what he is doing now . You can say: Y esterday, I thought of him and wondered what he was doing at the time .Read More...