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January 2021

Backshifting in reported speech

Hello. Happy new year to all. I would be very grateful if you could tell me whether the following statements have been reported correctly. If not, please explain why. The statements are from a book taught to the secondary stage. 1) "I must leave now." Answer 1: He said that he must leave now. Answer 2: He said that he had to leave then. 2) "I must leave tomorrow." Answer 1: He said that he must leave tomorrow. Answer 2: He said that he would have to leave the following day . If the two...Read More...
Thank you very much, Me_IV and Farid, for trying to help me. I still need to learn more about this. Things are still not clear-cut. I am waiting for David or Gustavo to help me clear things up.Read More...
Last Reply By Mahmoud Jaber · First Unread Post

global,world,the world's

Are the following sentences grammatically correct? 1 Global population growth will bring about water shortages.い 2 World population growth will bring about water shortages. 3 The world's population growth bring about water shortages. If all of them are correct, is there any difference between them? I mean, are 'global', 'world', and 'the world's' the same? Thanks in advance.Read More...
Thank you for the answer. I understand. And sorry that I simply forgot to say 'will'. So 'global', 'world', and 'the world's' are used as an adjective modifying 'population', and have the same meaning, right?Read More...
Last Reply By mmaassuu · First Unread Post

preferable decision and preferred decision

What are the differences between preferable decision and preferred decision? My understanding is both preferable and preferred are adjective, but any differences in meaning?Read More...
Hi, Cristi, The adjectives formed by a verb + -able or -ible generally imply the capacity of being V-ed, for example: visible (that can be seen), attributable (that can be attributed), comparable (that can be compared), etc. We can say that preferable means potentially preferred , while preferred will be used for something or somebody that is actually preferred. It would be great if you could provide sample sentences to check whether preferable or preferred works better in the context in...Read More...
Last Reply By Gustavo, Co-Moderator · First Unread Post

Added italic or changed to italic

Hi, I have changed your wording in italic versus I have added italic for the changes that I made. Are the above two sentences correct?Read More...
Hi, Cristi, We always use the plural for the phrase "in italic s ." The sentence above is ambiguous, because it can mean that somebody has changed some text that was already in italics . I don't think the verb "add" is the best option. I think I'd use: - I've marked the changes in italics. or - I've used italics to mark the changes. There is also the verb italicize .Read More...
Last Reply By Gustavo, Co-Moderator · First Unread Post

Misplaced, dangling modifier or is it ok?

Using that glue, the wallpaper should adhere to the wall quickly.Read More...
Hi, Abo—Please make sure to ask your question in the body of your post. Yes, the participial phrase ("Using that glue") is not properly attached to the main clause, since the wallpaper is not the user of the glue. Possible fixes: With that glue, the wallpaper should adhere to the wall quickly. If you use that glue, the wallpaper should adhere to the wall quickly. Using that glue, they will get the wallpaper to adhere to the wall quickly.Read More...
Last Reply By David, Moderator · First Unread Post

How to answer Yes/No questions

Hello Which one is correct? - Are you Ahmed? - Yes, (a- I am / b- l'm / c- I am Ahmed / d- I'm Ahmed) Thank you.Read More...
Hello, Ahmed Imam Attia—The normal reply is "Yes, I am." Answer (b), with contraction, does not work at all. (We never use contracted auxiliary verbs right before verb phrase ellipsis.) Answers (c) and (d) can be used, but the use of the subject complement is unnecessary. Use it if you want to be painfully clear.Read More...
Last Reply By David, Moderator · First Unread Post

Reflexive pronoun

I saw myself in the mirror. I solved the problem myself . I was all by myself in the room. I brought an umbrella for myself . I understand different usages of reflexive pronouns. However it confuses me when I see a structure with a reflexive pronoun like the one below. ' We also place a little more emphasis on the nature of the action itself '. I also found some other instances of this structure. ' I saw the man himself .' ' She got to dance with the prince himself .' As I can see in these...Read More...
Hi, MNHD—I have a footnote to add to Gustavo's excellent answer. The second example you give in the quotation above ("I solved the problem myself"), actually belongs to the type you didn't understand (before Gustavo's answer). In "I solved the problem myself," the direct object of the verb ("solved) is "the problem," and "myself" has no relationship whatsoever to the verb. It is an emphatic reflexive related to the subject. The sentence is equivalent to: I myself solved the problem.Read More...
Last Reply By David, Moderator · First Unread Post

present perfect or past perfect

Hello, In the sentence below, I can't figure out whether to use the present perfect or past perfect. Perhaps neither? I would be most grateful for your help. Thank you as always. I checked my mailbox, and it was empty , and I do not have any evidence to prove that I have / ha d received my order.Read More...
Hi, Mrchuffie, I would definitely not use the past perfect, but the present perfect or the past simple, instead: - I have/find no evidence / There is no evidence to prove that I received my order.Read More...
Last Reply By Gustavo, Co-Moderator · First Unread Post

Substitute with/for

"That" can also be used as a substitute with a noncount noun, where "the one" could not be used: The victim's own blood was of a different blood group from that [ = the blood] found on the floor. (CGEL by Quirk et al) Is there any reason why the author used with instead of for, because I always read "substitute for" something?Read More...
Thanks. I get it.Read More...
Last Reply By Robby zhu · First Unread Post

Simple sentence

I turned a complex sentence into a simple sentence. The complex sentence was 'No one is promoted unless they are tested.' I turned it like this. Only the tested are promoted. My teacher marked it as incorrect pointing out that 'only' as an adjective goes before a noun. Here, 'the tested' is not a true noun, so it's not grammatically valid to use 'only' before a noun. But I found many examples on the internet where 'only' is used before such nouns, such as ' Only the rich are always happy'.Read More...
Hi, MNHD—I agree with everything Gustavo has told you. If you want to challenge your teacher, you might ask him/her what s/he thinks of this proverb: Only the brave deserve the fair.Read More...
Last Reply By David, Moderator · First Unread Post

I saw a snake when/while....

What's the difference between the following sentences? 1- I saw a snake while I was walking in the garden. 2- I saw a snake when I was walking in the garden. Can I also make the sentences short in the following way? 3- I saw a snake while walking in the garden. 4- I saw a snake when walking in the garden.Read More...
Hi, Subhajit—All four of your sentences are correct, and all of them have the same meaning. Regarding the reduced versions, I have a slight preference for "while," but "when" is OK. I'd be more inclined to use "when" if I were talking about repeated snake sightings: "I see snakes when walking in the garden."Read More...
Last Reply By David, Moderator · First Unread Post

No ones loves you

A friend of mine told me she found a sentence "No ones loves you but me." in "Word Power Made Easy" by Norman Lewis. Greatly appreciated it if you explain the "ones" here for me. I did not read the book myself. Thank you very much.Read More...
Oh. Thank you.Read More...
Last Reply By ken · First Unread Post

Definite or indefinite article in this sentence?

Farid
Hello, everyone! I am reading IELTS band 9 writing samples, and I came across this sentence: "Passenger numbers peak 3 times during the day. For example, the number at 6am is 480, rising to 690 by 8am before falling again. There is then a peak of 700 at midday, followed by an afternoon decline to a low of 230 at 4pm. A third spike is at 6pm , reaching 670 before tailing off." This is from the book Get IELTS Band 9 Writing Task One by Cambridge Consultants Since it has been mentioned before...Read More...
Hi, Farid, Both "a third peak" and "the third peak" would be fine. Think of the verb "is" as synonymous with "takes place": A third spike takes place at 6 pm. Even if the events have been mentioned before, with ordinal numbers we can use the indefinite article to allow, I think, for the possibility of there being more spikes, in this case.Read More...
Last Reply By Gustavo, Co-Moderator · First Unread Post

Is this a dangling participle?

Farid
Hello, everyone! I came across this sentence, and I do not know if it is a dangling participle or not. It cannot be since it is mentioned in this book, but I am not confident enough to use it. This is the sentence and it is from the book Writing for the IELTS by Lin Lougheed : " Most of the world's major cities have serious traffic congestion, making life difficult for local citizens ." I just know that (I could be wrong) the participle must be about the noun of the independent clause, so I...Read More...
Dear Gustavo, Thank you so much for your answer! I will keep that in mind! FaridRead More...
Last Reply By Farid · First Unread Post

who are you

A says: I want you to promote Jack. B replies: 1) Who is Jack for me to promote? 2) Who is Jack to promote? B could have also said: Who the hell is Jack ... The idea is that Jack doesn't deserve a promotion at all. Why (the hell) would I promote Jack? Do '1' and '2' work in this context? I think '1' works. I find '2' a bit strange, but I think it works. I heard this sentence: Who the ... are you to apologize to? here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gaa_5m3cmSc It is at 4:04 approximately...Read More...
Yes, those sound better. I think it is the question that renders the object necessary. With the subject complement (i.e. Who ) being so detached in that initial position, the infinitive cannot remain objectless. In statements, we would omit the object: - Jack is the right person for me to promote. - You are the right person for me to apologize to.Read More...
Last Reply By Gustavo, Co-Moderator · First Unread Post

threatened her to ...

Are these sentence correct: 1) He threatened her to kill her. 2) He threatened her to give him her money. 3) He threatened her in order to give him her money. In '1' he is going to kill her, and in '2' and '3' he threatens her in order to make her give him her money. The structures seem the same, but they are not. Gratefully, NaviRead More...
Hello, Navi, Threatening someone and threatening to do something are two different constructions, which are not used together, though their combined meaning could be achieved with a "that"-clause following the direct object: (4) He threatened to kill her if she didn't give him her money. (5) He threatened her that he would kill her if he didn't giver him her money. Sentence (1) does not have the meaning of (4) or (5), so it is incorrect if you intend it to have that meaning. If you mean that...Read More...
Last Reply By David, Moderator · First Unread Post

WHat day will (it) be?

I was told that this is wrong: What day will be tomorrow? (What day will it be tomorrow?) - is correct. DO you agree? If yes, why is this correct? What man will come tomorrow?Read More...
Hi, Me_IV, Yes, that is wrong because, if you treat "tomorrow" as a noun, and therefore as the subject of the question, you should say: - What day will tomorrow be? (not idiomatic) In the question: - What day will it be tomorrow? "tomorrow" is an adverb of time, and "it" is the subject. In the question above, "what man" is the subject of the sentence. A: What man will come tomorrow? B: The man you know will come tomorrow. Instead, in the previous question "what day" is the subject...Read More...
Last Reply By Gustavo, Co-Moderator · First Unread Post

Email dated vs letter dated

We often say, as per your letter dated 1 January 2000, you advised that..... But what about if the communication was done by email? e.g. Can I say as per your email dated 1 January 2000, you advised that...Read More...
Hi, Cristi, Yes, you can say "as per your letter dated..." or "as per your email dated..."Read More...
Last Reply By Gustavo, Co-Moderator · First Unread Post

Close of and close off

Hi, What is the difference between close of and close off? e.g. I have closed of the criminal matters or I have closed off the criminal matters? or, can I just say, I have closed the criminal matters. Thanks!Read More...
"close of" does not exist as a verb. Here you can find a definition of "close off."Read More...
Last Reply By Gustavo, Co-Moderator · First Unread Post

[pro-verb] so is she / so should you.

I want to know using "so should you" is possible. in principle, If a preceding sentence start with be-verb, the following sentence has be-verb as a tag question I am getting out of this business and she is getting out of this business, too . → I am getting out of this business and so is she . Whereas, in this case, is it possible? I am getting out of this business and you should get out of this business, too . → I am getting out of this business and so should you .Read More...
Thank you, David, for clarifying that. TaeBbongE, please take note of it.Read More...
Last Reply By Gustavo, Co-Moderator · First Unread Post

Subjunctive in a compound sentence

In a compound sentence that requires the subjunctive, I sometimes struggle to know which of the verbs to conjugate with the subjunctive. Here's an example: "What if Nick were right and twelve were the most boring number?" "What if Nick were right" seems to demand the subjunctive, since we are dealing with unreality following an "if" clause. But what about the second clause? Is it governed by the "if" as well? Or should this be: "What if Nick were right and twelve is the most boring number?"Read More...
Hi, iankms—Since "if" governs the two clausal conjuncts and there is a conditional relationship between those conjuncts (Nick's being right would imply the truth of the second conjunct), they should be balanced in mood: (1) What if Nick were right(,) and twelve were the most boring number? (2) What if Nick is right(,) and twelve is the most boring number? I've placed the comma in parentheses to show that it is optional; it can be used or not. Using it won't change the need for balance...Read More...
Last Reply By David, Moderator · First Unread Post

3 years from now= past?

I was talking about an incident that took place three years ago. I said: "Three years from now....." Is the sentence correct given the context? I feel like it sounds like I'm talking about the future and not the past.Read More...
Yes, Ashraful, in that context "now" doesn't work. You can say: Three years from then . . . Three years later . . .Read More...
Last Reply By David, Moderator · First Unread Post
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